Use the chain earlier explanation → new evidence or perspective → reliability checks → revised explanation. One anomaly is not automatically enough to overturn a model; scientists check calibration, repeat measurements and compare independent evidence.
New technology can extend observation. A microscope, MRI, CT scanner, improved telescope or seismic survey can reveal structures or patterns older tools could not resolve.
Scientific change often preserves useful parts of earlier models. Newton remains useful in ordinary conditions even though Einstein provided a broader account for high speeds and strong gravity.
Other preserved contexts include biocompatible materials in artificial joints and sustainability evidence changing mining and rehabilitation practices.